This SharePoint tutorial, we will explore different hosting types and technology abbreviations used in SharePoint 2010/2013/2016 and elsewhere too. Useful API reference of the most frequently used types and objects implemented in the Server object model (SSOM) and at least one client programming model: .NET client-side object model (CSOM), JavaScript object model (JSOM), and/or REST API.
Different SharePoint Object Model Types
CSOM (Client Side Object Model)
SharePoint CSOM core assembly is Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime.dll and Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.dll, which stands for Client-Side Object Model. It is a web service-based API of SharePoint.
It allows access to SharePoint data and features from remote clients. CSOM was introduced in SharePoint 2010 and greatly enhanced in SharePoint 2013.
SP.ClientContext.get_current() for normal use. New SP.ClientContext(‘url…’) for specific SPWeb.
SSOM (Server Side Object Model)
Server Object Model core assembly is Microsoft.SharePoint.dll which is installed in the Global Assembly Cache. The Server Object Model will be executed on the server-side & it provides a rich set of classes in representing & manipulating SharePoint objects.
Must be deployed on the same farm Server-side object model. C# (or Visual Basic) uses only Microsoft.SharePoint (14) DLL. Must be deployed on the same farm.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
The SharePoint REST API interface is based on the REST-based Open Data protocol (OData) which is a platform-independent open standard. REST in 2010 is only for ListData.svc. Note that SPServices (jQuery plugin) utilizes the.asmx services in _/vti/bin , such as /_vti_bin/Webs.asmx.
SharePoint Model Types
CSOM (Client Side Object Model)
CSOM, which stands for Client-Side Object Model, is a web services-based API of SharePoint. It allows access to SharePoint data and features from remote clients. CSOM was introduced in SharePoint 2010 and greatly enhanced in SharePoint 2013.
JSOM (JavaScript Object Model)
Access information in the host web using the Javascript Object Model, you need to use an SP.ClientContext.get_current() for normal use. New SP.ClientContext(‘URL…’) for specific SPSite. Note this works cross-SPSite in 2013.
SSOM (Server Side Object Model)
Server Object Model is the most extensive API set available for SharePoint 2013. The core assembly is Microsoft.SharePoint.dll which is installed in the Global Assembly Cache.
The Server Object Model will be executed on the server-side & it provides a rich set of classes in representing & manipulating SharePoint objects. Must be deployed on the same farm.
REST (Representational State Transfer)
The REST API in SharePoint offers nearly the same functionality as JSOM. Furthermore, it is easier to use for a developer not coming from the SharePoint world since REST interfaces are standardized. This makes the choice of technology easier than for JSOM.
Various Hosting Option for SharePoint Code
SharePoint hosted
A SharePoint-hosted app may provide basic resources into its app web such as HTML/CSS/JS files, site column/content-type/list definitions, etc. Under no circumstances can server-side code run within a SharePoint-hosted app.
Provider hosted
Provider-hosted apps for SharePoint include components that are deployed and hosted outside the SharePoint farm. They are installed to the host web, but their remote components are hosted on another server but are meant to be hosted more manually (i.e. On Azure). So you fire up a web application, on any server, and then use S2S to connect to SharePoint.
Sandboxed Solutions
The remnant from 2010, can be uploaded to the Solution gallery through a sandbox solution. Support for a limited subset of the SSOM. No file access, so can’t deploy anything to the _layouts folder. If you use the limited SSOM-part (C#) your solution will be considered deprecated. Support for templates such as list templates and content types deployed directly to the host web.
Farm Solutions
In the case of SharePoint farm solutions, you required full access for deployment and farm solutions will be deployed through PowerShell in SharePoint 2013/2016/2019.
Note:
Microsoft officially announced the discontinuation of the Autohosted apps model in SharePoint Online/Office 365 after it has been tested for the last few months.
This SharePoint tutorial we learned various options to develop components through code like SharePoint server object model, client object model, JavaScript Object model and Rest API.
courtesy: Sagar Pradeshi